Prostate Cancer: Early Detection and Screening

Prostate cancer screening means conducting tests to find the cancer in people with no symptoms. Screening helps in early detection of the cancer when it is still easier to treat. To detect prostate cancer before symptoms appear, urologists recommend either measuring the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in blood or doing a digital rectal exam (DRE), when the urologist inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum. If the results of a PSA or DRE are abnormal, the urologist will request further tests. Finding prostate cancer via a PSA or DRE screening means the disease is probably still at an early stage and will respond well to treatment.

PSA Screening

Prostate Cancer: Early Detection and ScreeningThe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the amount of the protein (PSA) released in blood by prostate cells. Even though both normal and cancerous (abnormal) prostate cells produce the protein, higher blood levels of PSA indicate the possibility of cancer. The PSA test is one of the best indicators of prostate cancer and is recommended by urologists because it is widely available, relatively inexpensive and is a low-risk blood test for patients.

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

To perform a digital rectal exam, the urologist inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum in order to feel the state of the prostate gland. Since prostate cancer often begins in the back of the prostate, DRE helps to assess the texture of this area and checks for hard areas and bumps (nodules) which might indicate cancer. DRE is also effective in detecting whether the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or has reoccurred after treatment.

Confirming Prostate Cancer

After a digital rectal exam (DRE) or PSA blood test, the urologist may request a biopsy to confirm the cancer. But before the doctor can decide whether biopsy is necessary, a number of supplementary tests and considerations must be made, including family history, ethnicity, prior biopsy findings and different forms of PSA. A biopsy means the doctor takes out a small portion of the prostate tissue to be examined under a microscope for cancerous cells. Since cancerous cells appear different from normal prostate cells, a close exam of biopsy cells will help to confirm the cancer.

When to Start Screening

The age of beginning or stopping prostate cancer screening depends on individual risk. Men with a higher risk of having prostate cancer should start screening at age 40. This includes African American men and all men with first and second degree relatives with a history of prostate cancer. Men with average risk should start screening at 50, but only after discussing it with their doctors to reduce the rate of unnecessary biopsies. Men age 75 and older or those with limited life expectancy (less than 10 years) should be discouraged from early detection testing for prostate cancer because they may not benefit much from screening. Nevertheless, a decision to go for prostate cancer screening must be made with the help of a urologist or GP and should depend on a man’s lifestyle, family history, overall health and life expectancy. For more information on screening, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, visit the site, Advanced Urology Institute.

8 Easy Ways to Cleanse Your Kidneys

The kidneys are amazing little organs. Each day, they process about 200 quarts of blood, getting rid of excess water and waste products, removing toxins and keeping the body functioning smoothly. If the kidneys are not able to remove toxins and waste from the body, they will build up in the body and hinder the normal function of kidneys, liver and other organs, resulting in exhaustion, stomach pain, headaches, water retention and other problems. Buildup of toxins and waste also may lead to kidney stones, a mass of crystals or unprocessed minerals which can grow to the size of a golf ball. Kidney stones affect 10-15 percent of American adults, but also may be found in children as young as five.

Kidney stones causes and symptoms

There are many causes of kidney stones, such as dehydration, excessively acidic urine, urinary tract infections, buildup of waste and toxins in the kidneys, among others. The symptoms of kidney stones include excessive lower back, abdominal or urinary tract pain which may be sharp, mild or excruciating, severe vomiting or feeling nauseated, persistent urge to pass urine, and constant chills or sweating. While the symptoms vary depending on the size of the stones, unceasing pain and discomfort on the sides is a good reason to see a urologist. Kidney stones are easily curable if diagnosed early.

Why you should cleanse your kidneys

There are several reasons why you should flush out toxins and waste from your body. For instance, cleansing your kidneys improves their function and reduces bloating. Likewise, cleansing your kidney improves your ability to process certain foods, absorb nutrients and convert food to energy, preventing fatigue. Flushing out waste and toxins prevents potential infection and reduce the risk for bladder problems. Similarly, cleansing the kidneys reduces the chances of having painful kidney stones, corrects hormonal imbalances and prevents skin breakouts such as acne, eczema and rashes.

Below are 8 easy ways to cleanse your kidneys

1. Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is effective in preventing oxidative stress of the kidneys. It increases the levels of antioxidants in the body, balances blood sugar levels and reduces blood pressure, creating optimum conditions for kidney health. Apple cider vinegar contains citric acid which dissolves kidney stones. Frequent intake of apple cider vinegar also flushes out toxins from the kidneys.

2. Kidney Beans

Kidney beans not only resemble the kidneys but also remove waste and toxins from the kidney and flush out kidney stones effectively. Kidney beans are rich in Vitamin B, fiber and several minerals which help to clean the kidney and boost the function of the urinary tract.

3. Lemon Juice

Lemon juice is naturally acidic and increases citrate levels in urine, hence discouraging the formation of kidney stones. Lemon juice also filters blood and flushes out wastes and other toxins. Daily intake of diluted lemon juice reduces the rate of kidney stone formation and dissolves calcium oxalate crystals, which is the most common constituent of kidney stones. For people with kidney stones, combining lemon with olive oil ensures smooth passage of the stones.

4. Watermelon

Watermelon is a mild diuretic. It hydrates and cleanses the kidneys. It is also rich in lycopene, which improves cardiovascular health and ensures well-functioning kidneys. Watermelon also has large quantities of potassium salts which regulate acidity of urine and prevents stone formation. In fact, eating watermelon regularly is great for kidney health.

5. Pomegranate

Both the juice and seeds of pomegranate contain large amounts of potassium and therefore are effective in removing kidney stones. Potassium lowers acidity of urine, prevents stone formation because of its astringent properties, curtails crystallization of minerals, and flushes out toxins and waste from the kidneys.

6. Basil

Basil is an effective diuretic. It removes kidney stones and improves kidney functioning. Basil also lowers the level of uric acid in blood and improves kidney health. Its ingredients such as essential oils and acetic acid break down kidney stones and allow for smooth removal. Basil is also a pain killer.

7. Dates

When dates are soaked in water for 24 hours and then consumed after seeds are removed, they are effective in dissolving and flushing out kidney stones. Dates are rich in fiber, helping to reduce the risk of kidney stones. The magnesium ingredient in dates also cleanses the kidneys.

8. Dandelion

Consuming tea made using dried organic dandelion or fresh dandelion root (pulled from the ground) helps to cleanse the kidneys. Dandelion is a kidney tonic, but also stimulates bile production to improve digestion and minimize the waste reaching the kidneys.

Another effective cleansing agent for the kidneys is cranberry juice which supports the urinary tract, fights urinary tract infections and removes excess calcium oxalate. Beets and their juices contain Betaine which increases urine acidity, prevents build-up of struvite and calcium phosphate and reduces the chances of kidney stone formation. Other effective cleansing agents are coconut water, cucumber juice and cherries. For more information on preventing and treating kidney problems, visit the site, Advanced Urology Institute.

The Truth About Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer develops when abnormal cells grow out of control in a man’s testes (testicles), which are found inside the scrotum. The testes are male sex organs that produce hormone testosterone and make and store sperm. Compared to other cancers, testicular cancer is quite rare occurring in 1 man per 100,000. Nevertheless, it is the most frequent cancer among American males ages 15 to 35 and is more frequently found in white males than Asian or African men. It is important to note that not all testicular lumps are cancer and a man may have other conditions such as testicular microlithiasis, epididymal cysts and appendix testis, all of which may be painful but are non-cancerous. Testicular cancer is very much treatable and can be treated even after spreading beyond the testicle.

Causes

While the exact causes of testicular cancer are not known, the cancer generally occurs when healthy cells of the testicle become altered. Testicular cells usually multiply in a systematic manner to keep the body functioning normally. However, abnormalities in some cells may abruptly cause uncontrollable multiplication, resulting in a surplus of new cells in the testicle. The accumulation of new cells results in a testicular mass or lump. Almost all testicular cancers start in germ cells (testicular cells producing immature sperm).

Risk factors for testicular cancer include:

  • Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles): Development of the testicles occurs in the fetal abdomen and the developed testes move down into the scrotum before birth. A man whose testicles never descended in this manner is at greater risk of having testicular cancer than those whose testes descended normally. The risk is still high even if the testes have been surgically relocated into the scrotum.
  • Abnormal testicle development: Disorders that hinder normal development of testicles, like Klinefelter syndrome, increase the risk of this cancer.
  • Age: Testicular cancer is common in teens and young men (ages 15 to 35). Nevertheless, it may still occur in older men.
  • Family history: If your father or brother has had the cancer, you have an increased risk.
  • Personal history of testicular cancer: If you have had the cancer treated in one testicle, you may develop it in the other testicle.
  • Race: The cancer is more frequent in white males than in black or Asian males.
  • Infertility: Men who do not produce sperm when ejaculating have a greater risk.

Signs and symptoms

Knowing the symptoms of testicular cancer can help you to seek treatment when the cancer is still at an early stage. The most common indicators are:

  • An enlargement or lump in either testicle.
  • Accumulation of fluid in your scrotum.
  • A dull pain or ache in the groin or abdomen.
  • The scrotum becomes increasingly heavy.
  • Discomfort or pain in the testes or on the scrotum.
  • Tenderness or enlargement of male breasts.
  • Lower back pain.
  • In rare cases, testicular cancer can spread and affect other organs resulting in coughing, difficulty swallowing, breathing difficulties and swelling in the chest.

Diagnosis of testicular cancer

A man may detect enlargement or lumps in his testicles through self-examination. A doctor can notice a lump in a testicle during routine physical examination. When an enlargement or a lump is detected, the doctor will suggest a few tests to confirm or rule out testicular cancer. The tests commonly requested are a testicular ultrasound and blood tests for tumor markers. Surgery to remove a testicle for analysis and classification of the cancer also may be performed.

Removal of a testicle is usually done to classify the cancer since it is the type and stage of cancer that determines treatment and prognosis. Testicular cancer is divided into two types, seminoma and nonseminoma. Seminoma cancer can be found in all age groups, but is more frequent in older men. The cancer is less aggressive than nonseminoma. Nonseminoma cancer tends to develop in younger men and teens and is characterized by rapid growth and spread.

Testicular cancer stages

When testicular cancer has been diagnosed, it is then important to determine the stage (extent) of the cancer. For a doctor to assess how far the cancer has spread in or outside a testicle, blood tests and computer tomography (CT) scan are requested. The results of these tests help the doctor to categorize the cancer in stages and to offer appropriate treatment. The stages include:

Stage I: Cancer that is restricted to the testicle.
Stage II: Cancer that has spread out of the testicle into the lymph nodes of the abdomen.
Stage III: Cancer that has spread to various body parts, such as liver, bones, brain and lungs.

Testicular cancer treatment

The appropriate treatment for the cancer depends on many factors, including your general health, stage and type of cancer, and your preferences. For instance the doctor may opt for surgery to remove the affected testicle or nearby lymph nodes. Alternatively, the doctor may use radiation, high-powered beams of energy, like X-rays, to treat the cancer. Another option is chemotherapy, where specific drugs are used to destroy cancer cells. For more information on testicular cancer, visit the site, Advanced Urology Institute.

Where is the best place to get a vasectomy reversal in Florida?

All men who undergo a vasectomy are counseled to consider the procedure a permanent form of male sterilization. However, a number of factors such as loss of child or remarriage may call for vasectomy reversal. If you are a man who had a vasectomy in the past but are now considering a reversal, it is important to remember that the procedure is complex and requires specialized expertise and experience to perform successfully.

Where is the best place to get a vasectomy reversal in Florida?

While there are many qualified vasectomy reversal doctors and facilities in Florida, one of the best places to undergo the procedure is Advanced Urology Institute. This multi-dimensional urology practice has locations throughout Florida, including well-equipped clinics in Panama City, Daytona Beach, Blountstown, Perry, St Augustine, Daytona Beach, Port Orange, Tallahassee, Carrabelle, Orange City, Palm Coast, Oxford and other towns, bringing highly qualified and board certified urologists closer to those in need of their medical care. Advanced Urology Institute surgeons perform hundreds of vasectomy reversals every year with a remarkable success rate. The urologists are highly trained in their surgical technique and perform all procedures in accredited clinics with board-certified anesthesiologists who ensure maximum comfort during surgery.

Initial Consultation

A vasectomy reversal at Advanced Urology Institute means access to exceptional treatment and care at a center with an international reputation that offers vasectomy reversal as a specialization. You can schedule surgery over the phone, have your pre-operative appointment with a urologist the first day, and undergo the operation the next day. During the initial consultation, the urologist will review your history, personally perform a complete examination, and request any necessary tests such as blood studies, semen analysis and ultrasound exam. The urologist will discuss all options currently available, and the relative success rate of each, and will help you make the right choice.

Affordable Cost

The total cost for a vasectomy reversal at Advanced Urology Institute is less than $7,000. These charges include hospital, surgical and anesthesia fees, but exclude post-op semen analysis. You may have a secondary blockage in the epididymis (where sperm is stored behind the testicle) in which case the urologist will examine the fluid coming out of the proximal vas for sperm to rule out a blockage. When there is no blockage, the urologist will proceed with vasovasostomy, a simple vasectomy reversal procedure in which the vas deferens is sewn back together. In case of a blockage, there will be no sperm and the vas deferens will have to be connected directly to the epididymis at the point above the obstruction. This is done through vasoepididymostomy, a more complex vasectomy reversal procedure in which the doctor attaches the vas deferens straight to the back end of the testicles. There will be no additional charges for the complex reversal as the urologist will decide on the appropriate type of reversal at the time of surgery.

Book Your Appointment

Vasectomy reversal at Advanced Urology Institute is an outpatient procedure that is completed in one day. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled the day after the operation and you will return to routine work after 3-4 days. Sexual activity may be resumed after 2 weeks. If you have been considering a vasectomy reversal, be sure to call Advanced Urology Institute and request an appointment for more information.

3 Effective Ways to Treat Peyronie’s Disease

Peyronie’s disease is a type of erectile dysfunction that leads to both physical and emotional scarring. It is caused by penile tissue damage resulting in the formation of scar tissue called plaque. Depending on the location and size of the plaque, the penis may bend downward or upward or become indented. The bending may occur suddenly (almost overnight) or happen gradually, beginning with soreness and lumps that develop into a hardened scar. While Peyronie’s disease is most often found in middle-aged men, it can occur at any age.
Here are 3 effective ways to treat Peyronie’s disease:

Medications

Drug therapy is helpful for most men who are affected by Peyronie’s disease, especially during the acute phase. For instance, oral Vitamin E will make the plaques smaller and help to straighten the bent penis. Potassium Amino-Benzoate (Potaba), Tamoxifen, PABA, Colchicine and Carnitine are also effective during the acute phase of the disease. Likewise, during the early stages of the condition, drugs for erectile dysfunction, such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra), may be beneficial.

As an alternative to oral medications, injecting certain drugs directly into the plaque can bring relief, particularly for men in the acute phase of the disorder who are not sure whether they want to undergo surgery. For example, verapamil injections disrupt the protein responsible for the formation of lesions in Peyronie’s disease, thus helping to relieve acute symptoms. Interferon injections prevent swelling and control scarring, while collagenase injections break down the plaque and are recommended for treating men with a penis curve of more than 30 degrees. Injection therapy may be administered using a combination of above drugs plus hyaluronidase, betamethasone or prostaglandin E1. Another method of applying these drugs is iontophoresis (electromotive administration/EMDA), where the drug is applied on the penile skin and then pushed through the skin using a low electric current.

Radiation Therapy

During radiation therapy, high-energy rays are targeted at the plaque to relieve the pain. The disadvantage of radiation therapy is that it relieves the pain on the bent penis without having a direct effect on the plaque which causes erectile dysfunction. Instead of radiation therapy, a man may opt for shockwave therapy, a form of mechanical treatment that uses a lithotripter device (such as those used for breaking up kidney stones) to break down calcified plaques or scarring. Other mechanical devices that can be used to treat the disease are low-dose radiotherapy and vacuum-based machines.

Surgery

Surgery for Peyronie’s disease is reserved for men suffering from severe, disabling penile disorder that makes it difficult to have sex. Before the surgery, the urologist will check the blood flow in the penis by injecting a drug to make it stiff and also examining the penis using ultrasound. The tests are used to assess the penis before deciding the type of surgery that is ideal. There are three basic ways through which the urologist will fix the disorder surgically. First, the urologist can remove the plaque and replace it with a tissue patch, helping to stretch the penis and restore its original length. Secondly, the surgeon may change or remove part of the tunica albuginea from the penis area opposite the plaque, an operation known as the Nesbit procedure. Lastly, the urologist may perform penile prosthesis implantation, a procedure recommended for men having both Peyronie’s disease and erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion

Since Peyronie’s disease varies extensively in how it affects patients, the treatment chosen should be carefully selected according to an individual’s condition. Most importantly, treatment should aim to preserve sexual function. If you are suffering from the disease, it is important to work closely with a urologist in order to get the right resources, prompt diagnosis and correct treatment, and to prevent the disease from turning into a crisis. For more information on dealing with Peyronie’s disease and erectile dysfunction, visit Advanced Urology Institute.

Effective Ways To Detect Prostate Cancer

If you are a man, there is a 1-in-6 chance that you will develop prostate cancer at some point in your life. Prostate cancer is basically a tumor of the prostate, the gland located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder. The prostate helps in making the milky fluid called semen, which carries sperm out of the body during ejaculation. Prostate cancer is most common among men over 65 years of age and fairly prevalent in men aged 50-64 years. Still, the cancer can occur in younger men below 50 and screening for it should begin between 40 and 45 years of age.

Risk factors of the cancer include:

  • (Age
  • Obesity
  • Family history
  • Race
  • History of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases)
  • Diets high in fats from red meat

While prostate cancer is a highly treatable condition, many men suffer needlessly because they did not know the symptoms in order to catch it before the advanced stages. And though the cancer typically shows few signs until it has reached advanced stages, knowing the symptoms can be the difference between having to face surgery and just making a few lifestyle changes. The symptoms of prostate cancer include:

In some instances of early prostate cancer, no symptoms occur and the cancer can only be detected through routine screenings.

Effective Ways to Detect Prostate Cancer

Your urologist will start by asking you about your medical history, symptoms and risk factors. A physical examination will also be performed. The doctor will then request a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to analyze your blood sample for higher-than-normal levels of the prostate-specific antigen, which is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Higher PSA levels may indicate presence of cancer. In some cases, your doctor will opt to use the PSA3 test to check for levels of antigen 3 in your urine. When PSA levels are abnormal, the urologist will usually suggest that you return in 6 months for a second PSA test to confirm the presence of the cancer. Other test options that may be used to confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer are:

(a) Digital rectal exam: The doctor will insert a gloved finger into your lower rectum and prostate gland to check for any abnormalities in size, texture or shape of the prostate.

(b) Targeted biopsy: The doctor removes tissue samples from the prostate by using either MRI fusion-targeted 3D imaging method or the ultrasound high-yield saturation method. Samples taken are analyzed to detect the cancer and determine its severity.

(c) Prostate imaging: Also called perfusion dynamic MRI, prostate imaging uses a special contrast agent inserted into the prostate to precisely identify patients with the risk of prostate carcinoma.
Once prostate cancer is confirmed, the next step is determining its aggressiveness. The aggressiveness of a cancer helps the urologist to choose the best treatment option for the condition. So, after knowing how aggressive the cancer is, the urologist can recommend:

(a) Active surveillance: You are not offered any treatment but kept under careful observation and medical monitoring.

(b) External beam therapy (EBT): The urologist refers you to a radiation oncologist to deliver a beam of high-energy proton beams or x-ray to the tumor location. The oncologist may also use other radiation techniques such as conformal external beam radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, proton beam therapy, or image-guided radiation therapy.

(c) Brachytherapy: In this case, radiation is delivered to your prostate by placing radioactive materials inside the prostate. The two forms used are low-dose rate (LDR) and the high-dose rate (HDR) Brachytherapy.

(d) Cryotherapy: This method uses extremely low temperatures (as low as -190 degrees Celsius) to freeze and destroy cancer cells.

(e) Surgery: The urologist makes an incision through the perineum or in the lower abdomen to remove the prostate. A skilled and experienced urologist will perform the surgery without interfering with your sexual function.
At Advanced Urology Institute, we have the best pool of urologists and state-of-the art equipment to help detect and treat prostate cancer. If you want to be screened for the condition, even without symptoms, never hesitate to see a urologist. Remember, early detection is the key to successful prostate cancer treatment. To learn more about prostate cancer screening, prevention and treatment, visit Advanced Urology Institute.

Why Walnuts Make Men More Fertile

Are you a man struggling to have children and looking for a way to boost your fertility? If so, consider eating a handful of walnuts every day. According to a study conducted by the University of Delaware, eating a walnut-enriched diet boosts sperm quality and aids in preventing male infertility. Working with two groups of mice, one fed on a walnut-enriched diet and the other fed on a control diet for 9 weeks, the researchers found that the group fed walnuts had a significant improvement in sperm quality.

How Do Walnuts Work?

Walnuts reduce lipid peroxidation, a form of cell damage that interferes with sperm membranes and harms sperm cells. Sperm is made of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are liable to damage by lipid peroxidation. Walnuts are the only tree nut made of mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids and will therefore effectively replenish sperm cells. In fact, just 1 ounce of walnuts contains 13 grams of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in 18 grams of total fat. By preventing sperm damage and replenishing sperm cells, walnuts help to improve sperm morphology, motility and vitality.

First Study on Walnut Efficacy

The study by the University of Delaware was based on a previous study by the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and School of Nursing. According to the first study, which was based on a randomized control trial at UCLA, eating 2.5 ounces of walnuts each day (about 30 walnut halves) significantly improves the motility, morphology and vitality of sperm in men. During the research, more than 100 healthy young men eating their usual Western-style diet participated in monthly calls to share what they ate throughout the study. At the end of the study, it was clear that walnuts improved sperm quality, though more research was necessary to verify the role of the nuts.

Second Research Study by the University of Delaware

When the University of Delaware conducted its study, it was designed to reveal the mechanism by which walnuts had improved sperm quality in the UCLA study. Two groups of male mice, one consisting of healthy male mice and the other of genetically predetermined infertile male mice, were fed on either a walnut-enriched diet or a controlled diet for 9 to 11 weeks. At the end of the study, significant improvements in sperm morphology and motility were observed in mice consuming 20% of their daily calories from walnuts (equivalent to 2.5 ounces daily in humans). Most interestingly, even infertile mice had a remarkable boost in sperm morphology and both groups showed noteworthy reduction in peroxidative damage. The researchers concluded that walnuts improve sperm quality by reducing peroxidative sperm cell damage, though recommending further studies to determine which specific nutrients in walnuts are responsible for this improvement.

Walnuts are Beneficial for Sperm Health

Fertility in men is determined largely by sperm quality and quantity. For instance, if the number of sperm ejaculated is very low or the sperm are of poor quality, it may be difficult or even unlikely for pregnancy to occur. Since one-in-five infertility cases are solely due to the male partner and about one-in-twenty men suffer from some form of fertility problem related to low numbers of sperm ejaculated, using a healthy and proven method of improving sperm morphology, vitality and motility is a good way to begin addressing fertility problems. Enriching your diet with walnuts can be an effective first step in resolving your fertility issues and, if needed, there are many other treatments for infertility using medications or surgery. For more information on dealing with male infertility, visit Advanced Urology Institute.

5 Effective Treatment Options for Erectile Dysfunction

5 Effective Treatment Options for Erectile Dysfunction

There are several treatment options available for erectile dysfunction (ED), and the right one for an individual depends on the cause of the ED, age, health and lifestyle of the patient. In most cases, the use of oral medications such as Cialis, Viagra or Levitra is the recommended first option. Then, depending on the effectiveness and tolerance of the medication, other treatments may be tried. For example, microvascular surgery is recommended for patients with blood vessel leakage or blockage, while penile prosthesis is one effective alternative for those who fail to respond to non-surgical therapy or are not candidates for surgery.
Here is a look at 5 effective treatment options for erectile dysfunction:

1. Oral Medications: Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) and avanafil (Spedra), are some of the most widely used and highly effective medications for treating erectile dysfunction. The pills work by temporarily boosting the flow of blood to the penis. Sildenafil, sold as Viagra by Pfizer, is the most commonly prescribed pharmacological medicine for ED. Though it is available in different forms, Viagra takes 30-60 minutes to show effect and has a 4-hour duration. The drug only boosts blood flow to the penis and therefore sexual arousal and stimulation are necessary in order to have and maintain an erection. Tadalafil (Cialis) has effects lasting longer (up to 36 hours depending on the dose taken) and takes effect sooner (15-30 minutes). Tadalafil is also more selective in action and does not show the side effects of sildenafil and vardenafil. Avanafil (Spedra) and vardenafil (Levitra) show similar mechanism of action as sildenafil (Viagra) and only differ in duration of onset and length of effect.

2. Urethral Suppository (MUSE)

The use of a medicated urethral system for erection (MUSE) is considered when oral pills are not effective. The treatment involves placing a small medicated suppository in the penile urethra without using needles so that the suppository is absorbed to help produce an erection. The main advantage of this treatment option is that the suppository is applied locally by the patient or his partner, and has very few side effects. After the suppository is inserted into the urethra, sexual stimulation is necessary for increased blood flow to the penis. Patients opting for MUSE should have the first suppository application done in the urologist’s office to prevent potential complications such as decreased blood pressure, urethral bleeding, and continued and prolonged erections.

3. Penile Injections

The urologist may recommend penile injections when oral medications prove ineffective. And even though the idea of injecting the penis may be quite unappealing, the effectiveness and ease of injections make this a worthwhile option to consider. Apart from Caverject and Edex that have been prescribed by urologists for a while, other commonly injected medications are papaverine, phentolamine and alprosdid. Often, urologists recommend a blend of two or three medications for use in the injections. The blend, called a Trimix, ensures a synergistic effect of three medications, keeps the dose of every drug low to prevent adverse effects, and delivers a response rate of up to 90%.

4. Vacuum Pumps

Vacuum devices are recommended for patients who have only partial erections and find other treatments ineffective or intolerable. A vacuum device is made of a plastic cylinder connected to a pump and a constriction ring. Using a battery power or manual pressure to create suction around the penis in order to bring blood into it, a vacuum pump causes an erection which is maintained by a tourniquet of sorts that is placed around the base of the penis and an elastic rind which stops additional blood from flowing out of the engorged penis. Vacuum pumps are a relatively inexpensive, safe and easy to use treatment option for erectile dysfunction with minimal side effects. Erections induced using pumps generally last for about 30 minutes.

5. Penile Prosthesis and Penile Vascular Reconstructive Surgery

Surgery is considered as the last resort when all other treatment options fail. However, it may be the best option for young men seriously injured in their pelvic area (such as in a car accident) and men with significant anatomical problems with their penis. A penile prosthesis is an effective and more invasive option in which either a semi-rigid or inflatable implant is placed on the penis through surgery. The use of penile prosthesis has been proven to offer up to 85% patient-partner satisfaction rate. Penile vascular (venous or arterial) surgery is recommended for young men who have erectile dysfunction due to congenital or traumatic leakage of the penis. Penile venous surgery is performed to boost the trapping of blood in the penis, boosting a man’s capacity to get and maintain erections. On the other hand, penile arterial surgery creates a path of blood flow to the penis by correcting/bypassing blocked arteries.

For more information on effective treatments of erectile dysfunction, visit the Advanced Urology Institute website or make an appointment with a urologist today.

3 Easy Ways to Prevent Kidney Stones

3 Easy Ways to Prevent Kidney Stones

 

Kidney stones are formed when certain chemicals present in the urine solidify and turn into hard crystals. Over time, these crystals grow in size and eventually leave the body through urine. Sometimes, the crystals get stuck in the urinary tract, blocking the flow of urine and causing enormous pain. In nearly 50% of patients with this problem, the stones reappear within 5 to 7 years if no preventive measures are taken. In most cases, these stones form when calcium reacts with phosphorus or oxalate. A physician first determines the cause of this condition and will likely suggest reducing the intake of sodium or protein, both of which cause kidney stone formation. With some determination and care, the risk of kidney stones can be significantly reduced. The following are three simple preventive methods:

1. Increase Calcium

Calcium deficiency causes an increase in the body’s oxalate levels which directly contributes to the formation of stones. Find out how much calcium you should consume for your age to ensure that your body is not deficient in this essential mineral. Generally, men older than 50 years of age need 1,000 mg of calcium every day in addition to 800 to 1,000 IU of vitamin D to help the body absorb calcium. Getting your calcium from food is preferable since studies show that calcium supplements may increase the risk of stone formation.

2. Reduce Animal Protein

Your body produces uric acid while breaking down proteins. Higher levels of this compound increase the acidity of urine, which may cause the formation of kidney stones in the long run. For this reason, keep a check on protein-rich foods, especially red meat, seafood, poultry, and eggs. Eating too much protein also reduces the content of citrate in your urine, and this may also lead to stone formation. If you are prone to kidney stones, you should also follow a low-sodium meal plan. Nutritionists suggest a daily maximum sodium intake of 2,300 mg, but people who already have kidney stones due to high sodium levels should consume less than 1,500 mg of sodium per day.

3. Drink Plenty of Fluids

Drinking plenty of water is the simplest home remedy for kidney stones because water dissolves the unwanted substances in urine. As a rule of thumb, drink at least 2 liters of water per day. You may substitute with citrus beverages such as fresh orange juice or lemonade.

In addition to the above measures, avoid stone-forming foods such as chocolate, beets, tea, nuts, rhubarb and spinach, all of which are rich in oxalate. Colas are high in phosphate, a substance to avoid if you have a history of kidney stones due to high phosphate levels. Also, our bodies turn vitamin C into oxalate, so individuals taking this vitamin in supplement form can be at a slightly higher risk. Overall, with proper treatment and some changes to your diet, kidney stones can easily be prevented.

Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy, Surgical Advancement in Urology – Dr Matthew Merrell

Video: Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy, Surgical Advancement in Urology – Dr Matthew Merrell


Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy allows the surgeon greater visualization, enhanced dexterity, precision, control and superior ergonomics.[Read Full Article…]

Low Testosterone Screening, How Can I Find out if I Have Low T – Jeanette Lain, PA C

Video: Low Testosterone Screening, How Can I Find out if I Have Low T – Jeanette Lain, PA C


Testosterone is a steroid hormone belonging in the androgen group (males) that is primarily secreted in the testicles. Testosterone is considered to be the primary sex hormone for the male species. Contact a professional now and get treatment for this condition as soon as possible. [Read Full Article…]